1) it's not unique to bitcoin, happens in all markets.
2) it's very expensive to do. For example if you inflate prices at an exchange at 10% of market price, then you must pay that rate sooner or later when inevitably people sell at a 10% premium and cash out. If you run a ponzi, it'll collapse inevitably.
3) honest regulated exchanges that interface with other honest regulated aren't affected. The market is affected, but not the individual exchange. i.e. if Mt. Gox was still alive and this new Winklevoss exchange Gemini didn't trade with them, it wouldn't affect Gemini if Mt. Gox collapsed. Individual traders who traded at both Gemini and Mt. Gox would be affected, but that's the risk of trading on a crappy unregulated exchange. But the honest exchange itself isn't affected, it cannot result in a catastrophic failure like you say. (feel free to elaborate on that)
tl;dr: not unique to bitcoin, doesn't happen often because manipulating the market has a price tag and a risk tag, and while markets are affected by manipulation (obviously) one bad exchange cannot spawn failure or security problems or ponzis or insolvency at other honest exchanges from arbitrage efforts of its users. It just doesn't work that way.
2) it's very expensive to do. For example if you inflate prices at an exchange at 10% of market price, then you must pay that rate sooner or later when inevitably people sell at a 10% premium and cash out. If you run a ponzi, it'll collapse inevitably.
3) honest regulated exchanges that interface with other honest regulated aren't affected. The market is affected, but not the individual exchange. i.e. if Mt. Gox was still alive and this new Winklevoss exchange Gemini didn't trade with them, it wouldn't affect Gemini if Mt. Gox collapsed. Individual traders who traded at both Gemini and Mt. Gox would be affected, but that's the risk of trading on a crappy unregulated exchange. But the honest exchange itself isn't affected, it cannot result in a catastrophic failure like you say. (feel free to elaborate on that)
tl;dr: not unique to bitcoin, doesn't happen often because manipulating the market has a price tag and a risk tag, and while markets are affected by manipulation (obviously) one bad exchange cannot spawn failure or security problems or ponzis or insolvency at other honest exchanges from arbitrage efforts of its users. It just doesn't work that way.